ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene with schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three SNPs (rs2234693, rs9340799 and rs3798759) were determined in 333 schizophrenic patients and 315 healthy subjects with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Allelic and genotypic frequencies and particular haplotypes were compared between the two groups using Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs2234693 and rs9340799 showed no significant difference between the two groups (P U+003E 0.05). However, a significant difference was detected in the frequencies of rs3798759 G allele and GG genotype between the two groups (P U+003C 0.01). Single factor analysis stratified by sex also found that frequencies of rs3798759 GG and TG genotypes and G allele were significantly higher in female schizophrenia patients compared with healthy females (P U+003C 0.05). Haplotypes C-A-G and C-G-G were more common in schizophrenia group (P U+003C 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>polymorphisms of rs3798759 may be a risk factor for female patients with schizophrenia, and haplotypes C-A-G and C-G-G may be risk factors for schizophrenia.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alleles , Base Sequence , Case-Control Studies , Estrogen Receptor alpha , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Haplotypes , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Schizophrenia , Genetics , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: To study the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations 3243A/G, 3316G/A, and 3394T/C on the incidence of schizophrenia (SZ) in the Han nationality in Henan province. Methods A total of 250 unrelated patients and 292 normal controls without family history of schizophrenia were included in the present study, and their peripheral blood samples were subjected to examination by PCR, digestion with different restriction enzymes, agarose gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing to detect the mutations of mtDNA 3243, 3316, and 3394. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS17. 0 statistic software. Results: mtDNA 3316 G/A mutation was found in 8 SZ patients and in 3 controls (P>0. 05). mtDNA 3394 mutation was found in 15 SZ patients and 4 controls, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 05). No mtDNA 3243 mutation was found in the two groups. Conclusion: The findings in the present study indicate that mutation of mtDNA 3394T/C may be related to SZ, and the mutation of mtDNA 3243A/G and 3316G/A may not be related to SZ.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate a more perfect method for a nice outward appearance of the thumb(finger) reconstructed.Methods An artery pedicle composite flap from fibular side of the great toe is inlaid in the tibial(ventral) side of the free second toe for thumb reconstruction and the same free second toe with a distal part of metatarsal bone with a double-wings flap for finger reconstruction before transplantation. Results The reconstructed thumb(finger) gets a nice looking and normal function while no blight to the great toe occurred.Conclusion It is an effective new procedure in ameliorating outward appearance of the recon- structed thumb(finger) by transferring the free moulded second toe.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate an ideal method for finger reconstruction with extended the second toe flap transfer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The second toe free flap was created, combined with an pedicled skin flap from the fibular side of the great toe inlaid in the ventral side of the second toe, a double-wing flap and the distal part of the metatarsal bone. The composite free flap was transferred by vascular anastomosis for finger reconstruction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The reconstructed finger exhibited nice looking and better function. The procedure had little influence to the appearance and function of the donor foot.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is effective in ameliorating the appearance and function of the reconstructed finger with the second toe transfer.</p>